
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容:
暑假专题:名词
二. 重点、难点:
名词的用法:
三. 具体内容:
重难点解析:
(一)名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。
1. 普通名词:普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类:
A. 个体名词:表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。
B. 集体名词:(即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等
C. 物质名词:表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。
D. 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。
2. 专有名词:专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。
(二)可数名词和不可数名词。
1)可数名词:一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
例如:a book, two books, a student,
three students, a family, many families。
名词单数变复数变化如下:
1. 词尾直接加s 如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days
2. 以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加es 如:
class——classes match——matches box-boxes
dish-dishes
3. 以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i,加es,元音加y结尾的词直接加s
如:party-parties
city-cities
story-stories
boy-boys
monkey-
monkeys key- keys 等.
4. 以f或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v,加es
如:wife -
wives half- halves
注意特殊情况直接加“s”,要逐个记住
chiefs, handkerchiefs, roofs.
5. 以辅音加o结尾的词常加es,如:tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加o结尾直接加s。如:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况:photos
6. 名词单数变复数,特殊变化也要逐个记住,如: man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, foot-feet, child-children, mouse-mice
2)不可数名词
不可数名词不能用数字计算,包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air,
water, cotton, work…
不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+of+名词。如:a bottle of water, two cups
of tea, three pieces of paper
注意事项:
1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用a,an,但可用the,或不用冠词,如:
bread is the usual breakfast.
2. 虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要变复数。
如:three cups of coffee, five bottles of water
3. 有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:
ten bags of rice- ten baskets of eggs
【典型例题】
I. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词,并写出其复数形式:
In the market, a buyer asked a
seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for
20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night
and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”
Keys:markets buyers sellers cats dollars birds
II. 找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:
homework ______half
______advice______ money ______
knowledge ______boot _____blood
______music ______
chicken ________heat _____mouth
______bread _______
information ______milk _____cow
_______tear ________
Keys:halves boots mouths cows
III. 选择填空:
1.
The deer has four ______.
A. foot B.
feet C.
feets D.
foots
2.
Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C.
policemen D.
policemens
3.
There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C.
Japanese, Germans
4.
Two ______ would come to the village.
A.
woman-doctors B.
women doctor
C.
women doctors D.
woman doctors
5.
Can you see nine _____ in the picture?
A. sheep B.
dog C.
pig D.
horse
Keys:1. B 2. C 3.
C 4. C 5. A
6.
The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy,
watches D. boys, watch
7.
The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.
A. tooth B.
tooths C.
teeth D.
teeths
8.
The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.
A. woman B.
women C.
man D.
men
9.
There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos B.
tomato C.
tomatoes D. tomatoss
10.
The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses B.
mice C.
mouse D. mices
Keys:6.
C 7. C 8.
A 9. C 10. B
【模拟试题】(答题时间:25分钟)
1. 写出下列名词的复数形式。
(1)box
— (2)church
— (3)brush
—
(4)girl—
(5)baby—
(6)day—
(7)watch—
(8)flower—
(9)foot—
(10)knife —
2. 抄写下列句子,将应该大写的地方大写。
(1)sid
lives in japan.
(2)my
brother’s name is jack.
(3)grandpa
came to our
house on sunday.
(4)paris
is the capital
of france.
(5)the
nile is a
big river.
3. 填空
(1)This is
__________________________. (我爸爸的书)
(2)Where
is__________________________?(Mary的妈妈)
(3)That is
__________________________. (老师们的办公室)
(4)Are these
__________________________? (孩子们的衣服)
(5)(中国的首都)__________________________
is Beijing.

【试题答案】
1. 写出下列名词的复数形式。
(1)box-boxes (2)church-churches (3)brush-brushes
(4)girl-girls (5)baby-babies (6)day-days
(7)watch-watches (8)flower-flowers (9)foot-feet
(10)knife-knives
2. 抄写下列句子,将应该大写的地方大写。
(1)sid
lives in japan.
Sid lives in Japan.
(2)my
brother’s name is jack.
My brother’s name is Jack.
(3)grandpa
came to our
house on sunday.
Grandpa came to our house on Sunday.
(4)paris
is the capital
of france.
Paris is
the capital of France.
(5)the
nile is a
big river.
The Nile is a big river.
3. 填空
(1)This is my father’s book. (我爸爸的书)
(2)Where is Mary’s mother?(Mary的妈妈)
(3)That is the teachers’ office.(老师们的办公室)
(4)Are these the children’s clothes?(孩子们的衣服)
(5)(中国的首都)The
capital of China is Beijing.