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. 教学内容:

暑假专题:名词

 

. 重点、难点:

名词的用法:

 

. 具体内容:

重难点解析:

 

(一)名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。

  1. 普通名词:普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类: 

A. 个体名词:表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。    

B. 集体名词:(即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等

C. 物质名词:表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。   

D. 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。

  2. 专有名词:专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。

 

(二)可数名词和不可数名词。

    1)可数名词:一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

    例如:a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families

    名词单数变复数变化如下:

1. 词尾直接加如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days

2. s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加es  如:

class——classes   match——matches    boxboxes     dishdishes

3. 以辅音加y结尾的词变yi,加es,元音加y结尾的词直接加s

如:partyparties    citycities            storystories

boyboys       monkey monkeys     key keys .

4. ffe结尾的词,变ffev,加es

如:wife wives     half halves

注意特殊情况直接加“s”,要逐个记住 chiefs, handkerchiefs, roofs.

5. 以辅音加o结尾的词常加es,如:tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加o结尾直接加s。如:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况:photos

6. 名词单数变复数,特殊变化也要逐个记住,如: manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, goosegeese, footfeet, childchildren, mousemice

    2)不可数名词

    不可数名词不能用数字计算,包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air, water, cotton, work…

    不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+of+名词。如:a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper

    注意事项:

1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用aan,但可用the,或不用冠词,如:

bread is the usual breakfast.

2. 虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要变复数。

如:three cups of coffee, five bottles of water

3. 有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:

ten bags of rice ten baskets of eggs

 

【典型例题】

I. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词,并写出其复数形式:

In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”

Keysmarkets buyers sellers cats dollars birds

 

II. 找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:

homework ______half ______advice______ money ______

knowledge ______boot _____blood ______music ______

chicken ________heat _____mouth ______bread _______

information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________

Keyshalves boots  mouths  cows

 

III. 选择填空:

1. The deer has four ______.

    A. foot               B. feet                C. feets                     D. foots

2. Her two brothers are both ______.

    A. policeman        B. policemans      C. policemen              D. policemens

3. There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.

    A. Japanese, Germen    B. Japaneses, Germen                      C. Japanese, Germans

4. Two ______ would come to the village.

A. womandoctors                         B. women doctor   

C. women doctors                           D. woman doctors

5. Can you see nine _____ in the picture?

    A. sheep              B. dog                C. pig                        D. horse

Keys1. B       2. C    3. C      4. C    5. A

6. The _____ has two ______.

    A. boys, watches   B. boy, watch    C. boy, watches          D. boys, watch

7. The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.

    A. tooth              B. tooths            C. teeth              D. teeths

8. The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.

    A. woman          B. women           C. man               D. men

9. There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.

    A. tomatos          B. tomato                  C. tomatoes        D. tomatoss

10. The cat caught two ______ last night.

    A. mouses          B. mice              C. mouse            D. mices

Keys6. C    7.  C      8. A       9. C      10. B

 

【模拟试题】(答题时间:25分钟)

1. 写出下列名词的复数形式。

  (1box —       2church —       3brush —

  (4girl—        5baby—          6day—

  (7watch—      8flower—         9foot—

  (10knife —

 

2. 抄写下列句子,将应该大写的地方大写。

  (1sid    lives    in    japan.

  (2my    brother’s    name    is    jack.

  (3grandpa    came    to    our    house    on    sunday.

  (4paris    is    the    capital    of    france.

  (5the    nile    is    a    big    river.

 

3. 填空

  (1This is __________________________. (我爸爸的书)

  (2Where is__________________________?(Mary的妈妈)

  (3That is __________________________. (老师们的办公室)

  (4Are these __________________________ (孩子们的衣服)

  (5)(中国的首都)__________________________ is Beijing.

 

 

 


【试题答案】

1. 写出下列名词的复数形式。

1boxboxes               2churchchurches            3brushbrushes

4girlgirls            5babybabies                   6daydays    

7watchwatches        8flowerflowers              9footfeet  

10knifeknives

 

2. 抄写下列句子,将应该大写的地方大写。

  (1sid    lives    in    japan.

       Sid lives in Japan.

  (2my    brother’s    name    is    jack.

       My brother’s name is Jack.

  (3grandpa    came    to    our    house    on    sunday.

       Grandpa came to our house on Sunday.

  (4paris    is    the    capital    of    france.

       Paris is the capital of France.

  (5the    nile    is    a    big    river.

       The Nile is a big river.

 

3. 填空

  (1This is my father’s book. (我爸爸的书)

  (2Where is Mary’s mother?Mary的妈妈)

  (3That is the teachers’ office.(老师们的办公室)

  (4Are these the children’s clothes?(孩子们的衣服)

  (5)(中国的首都)The capital of China is Beijing.

 

 

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