【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
1. 重点单词短语用法讲解
2. 课文难点句解析
3. 定语从句讲解
二. 知识总结与归纳：
单元内容简介：
1. 继续了解英雄人物的基本情况。
2. 继续定语从句的用法。
三. 重点讲解与归纳：
1. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when
we should have been asleep.
when: 关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰breaks和evenings
should have done：本来应该做而没有做的事
He should have come here in the morning.
他本该早上就来的。
Mr. Wang should have arrived at 8:00, but he didn’t appear.
他应该八点钟到的，但是却没有出现。
拓展：
1）shouldn’t
have done 本来不该做却做了的事情
You shouldn’t have cheated in the exam. 你考试时不该作弊。
2）must
have done 过去一定做过某事
It must have snowed last night. 昨天晚上一定下雪了。
3）can’t
have done 过去不可能做过某事
He can’t gone to Shanghai. I saw him just now. 他不可能去上海了。我刚刚还看见他了。
4）needn’t
have done 本来不必做某事而做了
You needn’t have washed your clothes. 你本来用不着洗衣服的。
asleep：表语形容词，跟在系动词之后作表语，表示“睡着的”
sleep：动词或名词，“睡觉”
sleepy：形容词，“打盹”的
—Is he still sleeping? 他还在睡吗？
—Yes, he is fast asleep. 是的，他睡得很熟。
I’m too sleepy to hear the end of the concert.
我太困了，没有听完音乐会。
发散：
fall asleep 入睡
go to sleep 入睡
be fast/sound asleep 酣睡、睡熟
sleep late 睡懒觉
2. I became a good student and wanted to study for my degree
but I was not allowed to do that.
degree:
1）学位课程，学位
He took a medical degree. 他获得了医学学位。
2）度，度数
The temperature rose 10 degrees. 温度升高了10度。
A right angle has 90 degrees. 直角是90度。
3）程度
He has a high degree of ability. 他能力很强。
发散：
take a degree 攻读学位
have a degree 拥有学位
a doctor’s degree 博士学位
a master’s degree 硕士学位
a bachelor’s degree 学士学位
to a degree = to a certain degree 在某种程度上
3. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their
degrees.
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
We tried to stop him (from) smoking. 我们试图阻止他吸烟。
They were stopped from entering the building. 他们被阻止进入那幢大楼。
4. As they were cleverer than me, but did pass their exams, I
knew I could get a degree too.
did pass: 强调结构
强调谓语动词时，在动词原形前面加do, does或did
Do be careful! 千万小心！
He does sing very well. 他唱歌确实很好。
You did say that word. 你的确说过那个字。
注意：
do的这种用法只用于肯定句，且只有现在时和过去时两种时态。
5. Since I was better educated, I got a job working in
an office.
since: 由于，既然，表原因
辨析：since, as, because, for
because表原因的语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原因。
since意为“由于，既然”，表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因
as有时可与because互换，但语气不如because强烈
for引导的句子对前一句话起补充说明的作用，前面有逗号隔开
educated:
1）adj. 受过教育的，受过训练的
He was highly educated and could make money. 他受过了高等教育，可以赚钱了。
2）v. 教育，培养
educate sb. to do sth. 教育某人做某事
educate sb. about/on sth. 就某事教育某人
It’s not an easy job to educate children.
教育孩子不是一件简单的事。
Teachers educate students to protect themselves.
老师训练学生自我保护。
Parents educate teenagers about the dangers of smoking.
他们教育青少年认识吸烟的危害。
发散：
education n. 教育
educational adj. 教育的
educator n. 教育家，教师
6. I did not work for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came
to power in 1993.
come to power: 上台，执政
发散：
be in power 执政，掌权
get into power 上台
lose power 下台
return to power 重新执政
7. They said that the job and the pay from the now South African
government was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for
the Blacks.
reward:
1）n. 报答，报偿，奖赏
He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作努力但报酬不多。
2）v. 酬谢，报答
reward sb. with sth. 用…酬谢某人
reward sb. for sth. 因…而酬谢某人
They rewarded me with a prize. 他们给我一笔奖金作酬谢。
I was rewarded for my hard work. 我的工作得到了报酬。
3）in
reward 作为报酬
She got nothing in reward. 她没有得到任何报答。
8. He was sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of their leaders.
sentence:
1）v. 判决，宣判
The killer was sentenced to death. 凶手被判处死刑。
2）n. 判决，判刑
He is serving a sentence of six months in prison. 他在狱中服刑6个月。
发散：
heavy/light sentence 重/轻判
death sentence 死刑
life sentence 终生监禁
语法——定语从句
定语从句（Attributive
Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
使用要点
1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。
e.g. The classroom that is on the
fourth floor is poorly
equipped.
2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。
e.g. The food (that)
they are eating is nice.
This is the girl with whom he
works.
3. 关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。
e.g. I have come to explain the reason why I
was absent from the meeting.
4. 只用that，不用which的情况：
a. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
b. 当先行词前有the only, the
very, the last等词修饰时；
c. 当先行词为anything,
nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰时；
d. 当先行词前有all, every, no,
some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；
e. It is 句型中的引导定语从句时。
5. 只用which，不用that的情况：
a. 引导非限制性定语从句时；
b. 引导词前有介词时；
c. 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导。
e.g. He bought a book that
could give him much knowledge
and which could help him to kill the time.
6. 当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导。
7. as 从句的先行词是the same, such,
或被它们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。
e.g. Many of the sports are the same as
they were when they started.
The result was not such as he
expected.
It was raining hard, which(as) was
unexpected.
8. 介词+关系代词要根据
a. 谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g.
This is the evidence with which the case is connected.
b. 先行词 e.g. I’ll
never forget the day on which\when I joined the party.
c. 句子表达的意思 e.g. The
boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked.
d. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom表示整体与部分的关系
e.g. The workers, some of whom
stayed for four years, came
from different countries.
e. 介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。
e.g. We did it in the same way in which
he did\which he did in.
9. That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用
e.g. This is the house in which Louis XIII
lived.
This is the house that Louis XIII lived.
This is the house where Louis XIII
lived.
This is house which Louis XIII lived in.
This is the house Louis XIII lived in.
【模拟试题】
I. 单项选择
1. Led by Lincoln，the American blacks fought bravely ______ their rights and managed
to be_______ slavery.
A. with ; free from B.
for; against
C. for; free from D.
against; for
2. _________ the devekionebt of science, job positions are becoming
fewer and fewer, so many people are worried about ________ they would be out of
work.
A. With; if B.
As; whether
C. With; whether D.
As; if
3. Now we are in a position_______ we have to accept that we are
wrong.
A. on which B.
where
C. when D.
that
4. Under such conditions, we can _________ advise him to stop the
experiment________ see a failure in the end.
A. neither；nor B. either; or C.
both; and D.
neither; or
5. Tom _______to his mother's birthday party, but he was too busy
yesterday.
A. must have come B.
may have come
C. should have come D.
might have come
6. Now many people move into cities in order to have their
children________.
A. better educate B.
receive well education
C. better educated D.
accept better education
7. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good
care of in that faraway.
A. until B.
that C.
when D.
where
8. The result of the exam was very good, ________ we hadn't
expected.
A. as B.
which C.
that D.
what
9. Recently many experts advised new laws _________ to protect the
city environment.
A. should be past B.
are to be passed
C. being passed D.
be passed
10. The “Microsoft” software is most widely used because anyone with
a computer can ________ its software_______.
A. fix; freely B.
fit ;free C.
fit; freely D.
fix; for freedom
11. The dictionary still ________ where I __________ it a moment
ago.
A. lies; laid B.
lied; lay C.
laid; laid D.
lies; lay
12. When I returned to my hometown, I found it________ completely.
A. have changed B. has changed C.
changed D.
changing
13. As _______ cities grow, so does _________ number of buildings
that characterize them: office towers, factories, shopping centers and
high-rise apartment buildings.
A. the;不填 B.
the; a C.
不填；a D.
不填；the
14._________ his choice of two jobs, the man decided to take the one
which was nearer to the house.
A. When offered B.
When he is offered
C. When he offered D.
When offering
15. The weather turned out to be very good, __________ was more than
we could expect.
A. which B.
what C.
that D.
it
Ⅱ. 完形填空
I once thought I would be a
perfect parent. It took 1 sixteen
years to learn 2 I could
not be. I know that I made 3 mistakes. If
I raised my 4 again, I would not make those 5
. Maybe I would make 6 ones, but I would do
a better job.
I would try to understand my 7
towards my children. I often did what my own 8 would
have done. I 9 their ways of raising children
control me. For example, I had my teenage 10 David
come home early. He hated this rule. He said no reason 11 it.
As a girl, I had to be 12 early. I wanted my son
to do 13 . Today I would think more about 14
I wanted things done in a certain way.
My father was sick when I was 15
. My sister, my brother , and 16 were quiet
at 17 . We did not yell in anger. We did not shout for
18 . I wanted my children to be quiet too. I never 19
to ask “why?” 20 was hard for me to let my children
show anger. I stopped my children when 21 started
to get angry. Now I would tell my 22 . “It is all 23
to show love. It is all right to show 24 .
Your feelings are good. I love you 25 what you
feel .”
1. A. more B.
me C.
in D.
my
2. A. this B.
what C.
since D.
that
3. A. some B.
few C.
no D.
any
4. A. hand B.
questions C. demand D.
children
5. A. answers B.
says C.
mistakes D.
friends
6. A. old B.
new C.
some D.
little
7. A. questions B.
love C.
actions D.
mistakes
8. A. children B.
belief C.
parents D.
strength
9. A. love B.
open C.
let D.
go
10. A. son B.
mister C.
young D.
friend
11. A. at B.
for C.
by D.
of
12. A. natured B.
loved C.
home D.
quick
13. A. the same B.
a lot C.
well D.
at once
14. A. what B.
which C.
why D.
whom
15. A. taught B.
told C.
young D.
naughty
16. A. we B.
he C.
I D.
me
17. A. all times B.
no time C. some
time D. the time
18. A. joy B.
anger C.
all D.
games
19. A. believed B.
worried C. realized D.
stopped
20. A. It B.
I C.
There D.
Sometimes
21. A. parents B.
suddenly C. had D.
they
22. A. parent B.
children C. neighbour D.
brother
23. A. in all B.
men C.
agreed D.
right
24. A. love B.
anger C.
yourselves D.
around
25. A. no longer B.
no more C. no wonder D.
no matter
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
When many people are worried that there are no more heroes in the
modern era，two
university students who lost their lives to rescue drowning children have shown
that heroes still exist（存在）.
According to the Inner Mongolia Morning Post，the tragedy（悲剧）
occurred on the afternoon of
December 14,2002 when three school students skating on a frozen lake in
Qingcheng Park in Hohhot fell through the ice into the freezing water.
More than 20 university students who happened to be near the spot immediately
went to the rescue of the children.
Two children were quickly rescued，but the third died.The child's body was not found for three hours.
Two of the rescuers，Liu Ye and Hao Longbiao，also died of cold and exhaustion（筋疲力尽）.
The body of Hao who took the lead in jumping into the lake was not found until
the next day.
A student who was unwilling to tell his name said he and his classmates from
the local college were taking photos at the lake. When they heard the
children's cries for help， they went to the ice hole hand in hand to rescue the children. But
the ice kept breaking， causing most of them to fall into the icy water.
Local residents held mourning ceremonies（祭奠仪式） at the lake.
Eight of the students were seriously affected by the freezing water and were
being kept in hospital for further observation， but their lives were no longer in danger.
1. The underlined word “occurred” here means“＿＿＿＿”.
A. employed B.
mixed C.
guided D. happened
2. When the three students fell into water， the university students were ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. skating on the
ice B. taking
photos at the lake
C. having a
picnic
D. walking along the lake
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Three students died on the same day in all.
B. Hao Longbiao’s body was found on December 14,2002.
C. The university students didn’t think it dangerous to save the drowning
children in the lake.
D. Local residents were not brave in face of danger.
4. It can be inferred that ＿＿＿＿.
A. people think little of the two university students' death
B. the ice on the lake wasn't strong enough to skate on
C. some students regretted for what they had done
D. heroes don't agree with the steps of modern times
5. The author wrote the passage to ＿＿＿＿.
A. warn people of the danger of skating on ice
B. call on people to learn from the brave university students
C. tell us a tragedy
D. advise university students to cherish（珍惜） their lives
B
No
one is glad to hear that his body has to be cut open by a surgeon（外科医生） and part of it taken out.
Today， however， we needn't worry about feeling
pain during the operation. The sick person falls into a kind of sleep， and when he awakes， the operation is finished. But
these happy conditions are fairly new. It is not many years since a man who had
to have operation felt all its pain.
Long ago， operation
had usually to be done while the sick man could feel everything. The sick man
had to be held down on a table by force while the doctors did their best for
him. He could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off， and his fearful cries filled
the room and the hearts of those who watched.
Soon after 1770，
Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “laughing gas”.Laughing
gas became known in America.Young men and women went to parties to try it. Most
of them spent their time laughing，but one man at a party，Horace Wells，noticed that people didn't seem to feel pain when they were using
this gas.He decided to make an experiment on himself.He asked a friend to help
him.
Wells took some of the gas， and his friend pulled out one of Well’s teeth. Wells felt no pain
at all.
As he didn't know enough about laughing gas， he gave a man less gas than he should have. The
man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out.
Wells tried again，but
this time he gave too much of the gas，and the man died. Wells never forgot this terrible event.
6. It is ＿＿＿＿ since a man being operated felt all the pain.
A. a few more years B.
not long
C. few years D.
two thousand years
7. Long ago， when the sick man was operated on，he ＿＿＿＿.
A. could feel nothing B.
could not want anything
C. could feel all the pain D.
could do anything
8. Using the
laughing gas， the
people did not seem to ＿＿＿＿.
A. be afraid of anything B.
feel pain
C. want to go to the parties D.
be ill
9. If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an
operation went on，
he ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. felt nothing B.
felt very comfortable（舒服的）
C. still felt pain D.
would die
10. One who took too much of the laughing gas ＿＿＿.
A. would laugh all the time B.
would die
C. would never feel pain D.
would be very calm
【试题答案】
1—5
CCBBC 6—10
CCBDB 11—15
ACDAA
1—5 BDADC 6—10 BCCCA 11—15 BCACC 16—20 CAADA 21—25 DBDBD
1—5 DBABB 6—10 BCBCB