【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

       Book 7  Unit 2

 

二. 教学目标：

1. 掌握本单元的重点单词与短语的用法

2. 掌握动词不定式的被动语态的用法

 

三. 教学重难点：

如何灵活运用不定式的被动语态

 

I. Important words

1. desire n. v.渴望；欲望 

同义词：want；wish desirable adj.值得要的；令人满意的

He works hard because he has a strong desire of success.

常用短语：have a desire for sth. 渴望……

             have a desire to do sth.渴望干……

             at one’s desire 应某人的要求

活学活用：

We all ______ health and happiness.

A. want     B. desire   C. hope    D. wish

2. alarm n警报；惊恐  vt.使警觉；惊动

We are much alarmed by the fire alarm of 119.

119救火警报使我们大为恐慌。

3. embarrass vt使困窘；使局促不安 (常用于被动)

embarrassed  adj.感到为难的

embarrassing  adj.令人为难的

embarrassment  n.窘迫

I was embarrassed, because I had no idea.

我因为没有主意而不知如何是好。

活学活用：

When the teacher kept saying the girl was clever, she felt _______.

A. an embarrass    B. embarrass    C. embarrassed   D. to embarrass

4. accompany   vt.陪伴；伴奏

Lightning usually accompanies thunder.

雷声常常伴随着闪电而来。

The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.

部长由他的秘书陪同到医院去。

Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano.

玛丽唱歌，我弹琴给她伴奏。

联想记忆：

accompany sb. on sth.同某人一起干……

keep sb.company陪伴某人

活学活用：

翻译：请陪我去故乡走一走。

______________________________________________________.

Answer：Please accompany me on the trip to my hometown.

5. declare vt.宣布；声明；宣称

declaration n.宣布；宣言

declarer 宣告者

同义：announce

After a four-year war, peace was declared at last.

经过四年的战争，终于宣告了和平。

联想记忆：

declare oneself 发表意见；表明态度

declare war on/against对……宣战

declare for sb.声明支持某人

6. envy  n. & vt. 嫉妒；羡慕

How I envy you!

我真羡慕你!

“He has become an envy of all his friends, since he was assigned to a new promising post.”

“他被派到一个新的很有发展前途的工作岗位,所以成为朋友们羡慕的对象”

联想记忆：

envy sb. doing 羡慕某人干……

sth. be the envy of sb. 某物成为某人羡慕的东西

with envy羡慕地

be green with envy嫉妒得红了眼

活学活用：

They looked _________ at her English progress.

A. envying      B. with envy       C. envied         D. at envy

7. divorce n.离婚；断绝关系

vt.与……离婚；与……脱离

She got a divorce from him last year.

她去年和他离了婚。

Did Mr. Hill divorce his wife or did she divorce him?

是希尔先生要和他太太离婚，还是他太太要和他离婚呢？

It is hard to divorce love and duty.

爱情和责任感是难以分割的。

活学活用：

翻译：他们去年离了婚。

________________________________________________.

They got divorced last year.

8. 区别：event   affair    matter     thing    business 

event指具有重要性的大事

e.g. the main event of 2006  2006年的主要大事

affair 表示“事件”时，常与某人、某事或某地有关

e.g. the Water affair水门事件 

表示“公共事务；政治事务；个人的事”

e.g. world affairs 世界事务  

matter指“事情，问题”

e.g. private matter私事

thing 既表示抽象概念，又可指具体的行为、做法、困难等。

e.g. a difficult thing to do难做的事

business 主要指（需要处理或讨论的）重要事情，要点

e.g. the main business of the meeting会议的主要议题

注：business, affair, thing还可与形容词连用，表示“事情；事件；状况”

e.g. I found the whole business/ affair/ thing very pleasing.

活学活用：

①She never talks about private ________ with her fellow workers.

②That _______ led to the failure of the government.

③There is another _______ I’d like to ask you.

④The car crash was a terrible ___________.

⑤If there’s no other _________, we can end the meeting.

⑥You should be able to manage your own ________.

⑦The leader is having a(n) __________ with a reporter.

Answers：①matters ②event ③thing ④affair/business/thing ⑤business⑥affairs ⑦affair

 

II. Important phrases：

1. carry out执行；实现；完成

The school is carrying out a new plan.

联想记忆：

carry off夺走 

carry on继续 

carry through把……进行到底

活学活用：

Some policies can’t ____ because of some reasons.

A. carry out  B. be carried out   C. be carried away   D. be carried

2. test out考验

He is going to test out the result of the recitation.

联想记忆：

an eye test视力检查 

put …to the test对……进行考验

3. leave alone不管；不理会；不干涉

Leave him alone and he is doing his homework.

联想记忆：

leave behind留下，不带走

leave for动身去某处

leave out漏掉；忘掉

活学活用：

Don’t leave her ________ outside in the rain.

A. wait   B. waiting   C. to wait   D. waited

4. set aside保留；储蓄金钱；不顾 

近义：put sth. away

The young couple set aside some money for the future.

联想记忆：

set fire to 纵火点燃 

set foot in进入 

set oneself against坚决反对

set sth. / sb. back使……推迟

活学活用：

He gave up smoking to _______ the money for his sons’ education.

A. set      B. set aside         C. set up    D. set down

5. search for寻找  

同义：explore  seek  look for

The police were searching the streets for the lost child.

联想记忆：

make a search for 查找；搜查

search into调查；研究

search out探出

search through把……仔细搜寻一遍

活学活用：

Lin Tao is ___________ the web __________ interesting sites.

6. put up with忍受；容忍

We couldn’t put up with the noise around our school any more.

联想记忆：

put side节省；储蓄

put away储蓄

put down写下

put forward to提出

put off延期

put out熄灭，关，出版

put through接通电话

7. be to do表示按计划、安排要发生的动作

The meeting was to be held the following day.

活学活用：

In a room above the store, where a party ___, some workers were busily setting the table.

A. was to be held    B. has been held     C. will be held      D. is being held

 

III. Other phrases：

1. be absent from缺席              

2. ring up打电话给

3. turn around转向；回转           

4. feel like摸上去像

5. as a result of由于；因为          

6. smooth away/out克服困难

7. scan through浏览，翻阅          

8. declare war宣战

 

Ⅳ.Grammar：不定式的被动语态

形式	作用	例句
一般式	与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后发生。	There are 10 more trees to be planted.
完成式	表示被动，且发生在谓语动词之前	The book is said to have been translated into English.

 

语法	功能	例句
主语	表示一个被动的动作，说明一件事情。	It is a pity to be kept in the house in such fine weather.
宾语	表示一个被动的动作，说明一件事情。	He preferred to be offered a hard job.
主补	表示一个被动的动作，补充说明主语承受的又一个动作。	The pupils are asked to be picked home by their parents themselves.
宾补	表示一个被动的动作，补充说明宾语承受的又一个动作。	The examiners don’t allow any papers to be taken out of the classroom.
定语	说明被修饰词的一个动作，起限制作用。	This is the only car to be chosen in the car exhibition.
状语	表示一个被动的动作，说明目的、原因、条件等。	She spoke very slowly so as to be heard clearly.

 

【模拟试题】

1. The teacher asked the bad habits ______.

A. give                       B. to get rid               C. to be given up        D. give in

2.Childern ought ___ to treat the old with respect.

A. teaching                  B. teach                     C. to be taught            D. to be teaching

3. She ordered all the things _______ tonight.

A. cover                     B. to be covered          C. covering                D. to cover

4. The bridge ______ next month depends on the money collected among the villagers.

A. build                      B. to be built               C. built                      D. be building

5. It is a great honor ___ to go abroad for further education.

A. to admit                 B. admit                     C. admitting               D. to be admitted

6. I’m going shopping. Do you have anything _________?

A. to be picked up      B. to pick up              C. picked up               D. pick up

7. The text papers need _______ again before being handed in.

A. check                     B. to check                 C. to be checked         D. to be checking

8. You are lucky to be the first ________ for this job.

A. to be chosen                                              B. to choose from 

                                   C. choose from                                              D. to be chosen from

9. He felt it a pleasure _______ to answer the difficult questions at class.

A. to ask                    B. to be asked             C. asked                    D. asking

10. The farmers working in cities ought _____ by month. But in fact, they usually get nothing home at the end of year.

A. to pay                                                        B. paid  

                                   C. be paid                                                      D. to have been paid

 

 

 

【试题答案】

1. C  坏习惯被戒掉，用不定式的被动语态。

2. C 小孩子们被教育去尊敬老人。

3. B

4. B  由next month可以看出是将来要发生的动作，此句主语是桥，故用被动语态。

5. D  不定式的被动作形式主语

6. A  have sth. to be done表示有事要别人做，此处的have不是“使”而是“有”

7. C 事物作主语时，need 后可用动名词的主动形式，也可以用不定式的被动形式。

8. A  to be chosen表示“被选中” to be chosen from “从……里选取”

9. B  学生被要求回答，用不定式的被动式。

10. D  ought to have been done表示“过去应该做，但没有做”。