【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

Unit 4

 

1. obviously

It is obvious that…

Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.

2. preserve

No hunting is allowed in the preserve .

preserve peace 维持和平

preserve forests保护森林

preserve order维护秩序

3. unaware

    be unaware of没有觉察到

4. manner

    in manner of以……方式

in a manner （=in a way, in some degree）在某种意义上; 多少, 有点

Mind your manners.注意礼貌。

It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth.

5. institute  college  university  academy

    an art institute 艺术学院

6. be amazed at

be amazed to hear/see/ find看到[听到, 发现]……感到吃惊

amaze  astonish  surprise

amaze强调“使惊异, 困惑”间或还有“惊叹, 佩服”的意思

I was amazed by the news of George’s sudden death.

astonish表示“使人大吃一惊”、“几乎无法使人相信”, 但没有“惊叹”的意思

I was astonished at his rudeness.

surprise语气较上述两词弱, 只表示“出乎意外地惊异”

We were surprised at finding the house empty.

7. opera

8. eventually  adv.最后, 终于  He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.

9. purely

    a pure mind   pure English   by pure chance   pure gold

10. unique   adj.唯一的, 独特的

     unique feature特色[点, 性]  unique opportunity 极难得的机会

unique copy 珍本

11. appreciation  n.感谢, 感激, 正确评价, 欣赏, 增值

She showed an appreciation of my help.

12. recognition

    My recognition of him was immediate.

    win recognition from sb.

13. wrap

    be wrapped up in 包在……里, 被……掩蔽, 全神贯注在, 埋头于; 被……迷住

    wrap up包起来, 裹起来

14. unexpected

15. effect

be of no effect无效, 没有作用

bring into effect 实行, 实施, 使生效, 实现

have an effect on 对……有影响; 对……起作用, 产生效果

16. call forth  v.使产生, 引起, 使起作用

    call at  / on  / in /  up / off /  for / out / back

17. potential

18. witness

a witness of the accident

He witnessed the accident.

He witnessed to the facts.

witness against [for] the accused

in witness of 作为……的证明, 为……作证

19. performance

20. bring forth

    bring in / out / about / up

21. extend

    extend from ... into ...从……延伸[插]到……里

extend from ... to ...从……延绵[一直]到

extend out伸出

extend和lengthen的反义词为shorten。这两个动词都可以表示时间和空间的“延长”，但是extend可以用于比喻意义上的“延长”，或范围的“扩展”。

如：the extended meaning of a word （词汇的引申意义），

to extend （or lengthen） a road （延长道路），

to extend （or lengthen） one’s stay （延长某人的逗留）

22. draw… into consideration

23. broad 

    broad  wide 都含有“宽的”意思。

broad 强调两边之间面积的广大, 如:broad plains广阔的平原。

wide 强调从一边到另一边的距离, 如:two meters wide两米宽。

24. comfort

give comfort to 安慰

have / take comfort in感到安慰， 安心， 宽心；（从……中）得到安慰

25. emotion  /  mood

26. remark

    （常与that连用）说  He remarked that it was getting late. 他说天色渐晚了。

（常与on, upon连用）谈论；评论

It is rude to remark upon the appearance of other people.

make [pass] a remark on 就……发表意见, 对……评头论足

27. IQ

28. genetic  adj.遗传的, 起源的

29. seize

    The policeman seized the thief. 警察捉住了那个小偷。

They seized an opportunity.他们抓住了机会。

30. engineering

31. analyze  analysis

32. burden sb. with sth.

33. fascinate

    be fascinated with / by 被……迷住

34. obsession

    be under an obsession of在思想[情感]上被……缠住

suffer from an obsession 耿耿于怀

35. tank

36. psychologist

37. cope

38. figure

    figure on料想；估计

    We figure on your coming early to help us.

    figure out 算出；了解

    We must figure out how to solve the problem.

    make a fine figure 崭露头角

39. option   n.选项, 选择权

    have no option but to （do）除了……以外没有其他法, 只好

    make one’s option 进行选择

40. show off

    show off在此意为“炫耀；卖弄”，指向别人展示自己所骄傲的人或物。后面可以接人或物。或由特殊疑问词引导的从句作宾语。show off也可作不及物的动词词组，意为“炫耀自己；卖弄自己”。例如：

    She wanted to show off her new handbag at the party.

    The boy likes to show off how well he speaks German.

    He is just showing off, you know.

    show的相关短语:show sb. sth. / show sth. to sb. 向某人出示某物show one’s face 露脸；出面show sb. in 领某人进来show sb. out 领某人出去show sb. around... 带某人参观某处show up 出现；露面

41. get on with

    get on with意为“相处；进展”，其中with是介词。get on with后面的宾语不同，其表达的意思也不同。get on with sth.意为“某事进展”；get on with sb.意为“与某人和睦相处”。get on with sb./ sth.的同义词组为get along with sb. / sth.。get on / along的意思是“进展；进步；过活；应付”，是不及物的动词词组。例如:

    I get on / along well with my English study.

    How do you get on / along with your classmates?

    The boy is getting on well at school.

    He managed to get on / along without much money.

 

Phrases

1. 没意识到，没察觉的          2. （钱，时间精力、）被用于

3. 接受某种局面                4. 以……方式

5. 对……惊异                  6. 只要

7. 没作用，没意义              8. 相信，信仰

9. 实现，成为现实              10. 前往；将会

11. 撕掉，猛烈脱掉             12. 以一种……方式，程度

13. 引起，使发生               14. 抓住，吸引住

15. 为……服务

16. 全额奖学金                 17. 超出极限

18. 从另一意义上讲             19. 与……无关

20. 到……程度

 

1. be unaware of                  2. go into

3. live with                       4. in a manner

5. be amazed at/by                 6. as long as

7. there is no point in               8. believe in

9. come to fruition                 10. head for

11. rip off                        12. in a way

13. call forth                      14. take hold of

15. in the service of                 16. full scholarship    

17. beyond one’s limit               18. in another sense   

19. have nothing to do with           20. to the extent that

 

【模拟试题】

第一部分：听力略

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节  语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21 —What should I wear to attend his wedding party?

     —Dress __________you like.

     A. what        B. how           C. whatever           D. however

22. Don’t be too rude to your father. Never in his life _________ in that way.

    A. has he spoken to                    B. he has spoken to

    C. has he been spoken to             D. he has been spoken to

23. Have you ever been upset when ________ to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call?

A. being left talking                     B. left talking

C. being left talk                          D. leaving talking.

24 —I saw no more than one motor car in that shop. Will you go and buy?

—No, I’d rather find ________ in other shops.

    A. it; one  B. it; it C. one; it D. one; one

25. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they ________.

A. were playing     B. were to play      C. have played       D. played

26. The adverbial phrase “every day” has ________ space between _______ two words.

A. a; the               B. the; the      C. 不填; the         D. 不填；不填

27. More people ________ in hospital this year than at any time since the start of the Health Service.

A. are being treated       B. have treated      C. are treating       D. have been treated

28. Facts prove that the world’s economic development is not a win-lose game but one in which all ____________be winners.

A. must         B. shall          C. can           D. would

29. —How do you find our company?

—A little worried. We ________ ground as a leader in the field of it with the others speeding up development.

A. have lost    B. lost    C. are losing   D. were losing

30. Such teachers as ________ not easily forgotten.

A. he is          B. him are      C. him is        D. he are

31. After saying good-bye, the couple moved off and ________ in the crowed.

A. was lost    B. were lost   C. had lost     D. lost

32. My sister and I had a quarrel over ________ to wash dishes.

A. which turn it was     B. it was which turn    

C. whose turn it was     D. whose turn was it

33 －Is this stick long enough?

－No, I need one _______.

A. twice so long     B. so long twice    C. twice as long    D. as long twice

34 There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _______?

A. wasn’t there     B. was there   C. didn’t it      D. did it

35. —May I go and play with Tom this afternoon, mum?

—No, you can’t go out ________your homework is being.

A. before              B. as             C. until          D. unless

 

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分；满分20分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

If you have strong arms and feet, you might make a good waiter. You must   36   ,however, not in the restaurant, but in the   37   , helping the head cook, to learn exactly   38   each dish is prepared. Then you will be able to tell the customers what the ingredients（成分）are and how the food is   39   . From this first step, you may enter the restaurant as a   40  . But you won’t be allowed to serve the customers yet. They will   41   let you do the simplest jobs,  42   the tables and carrying the plates. But all the time you must watch and learn. Later you will be taught how to   43   food, and if you are good at it you may become a waiter in charge of a number of   44  . You may even become a head waiter   45   you are afraid of hard work.

When Carlo Bianchi first arrived in London, he   46   only two words of English— “please” and “Hello”. He   47   to get a job helping in the kitchen of an Indian restaurant, and he spent   48   little spare time he had learning English. He was a good worker and soon he got a job in the restaurant as a waiter. Every night, Carlo used to go home tired, but   49   too tired to study the language for half an hour before going to sleep. He always managed to   50   a third of his wages,  51   he put in the bank regularly every Friday. And no matter how tired or ill he felt, he always had a warm   52   for his customers. They liked him,   53   people used to come to the restaurant and ask to be served by Carlo. Now twenty five years later, Carlo is the manager of six restaurants, and he hopes to open a seventh   54  . But he still believes in the personal   55   , and every night he goes to one or another of his restaurants to welcome the customers with a friendly greeting.

36. A. work	B. start	C. cook	D. learn
37. A. market	B. school	C. workshop	D. kitchen
38. A. when	B. how	C. what	D. where
39. A. served	B. eaten	C. cooked	D. bought
40. A. learner	B. waiter	C. cook	D. observer
41. A. soon	B. only	C. later	D. hardly
42. A. laying	B. lying	C. putting	D. moving
43. A. take	B. make	C. carry	D. serve
44. A. tables	B. waiters	C. foods	D. jobs
45. A. if	B. before	C. unless	D. though
46. A. spoke	B. studied	C. heard	D. kept in mind
47. A. failed	B. tried	C. managed	D. intended
48. A. how	B. what	C. such	D. that
49. A. only	B. sometimes	C. little	D. never
50. A. spare	B. leave	C. save	D. get
51. A. as	B. that	C. those	D. which
52. A. friendship	B. dish	C. welcome	D. smile
53. A. and	B. for	C. even	D. therefore
54. A. again	B. lately	C. shortly	D. more
55. A. opinion	B. touch	C. effort	D. effect

 

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Margie Blank remembers the phone call from Iraq sometime before Christmas. Her son, Army specialist Joseph Darby, a military police officer in the reserves（not full-time soldiers）, was on the phone and she could tell something was wrong .

Darby, 24, would later come out as the soldier who first alerted（使警觉）the world to the abuse（虐待） of Iraqi prisoners by US guards at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad on January 13. “I could tell in his voice he was not sleeping,” Blank, 45, recalls. “He said, ‘I don’t feel good.’” Darby was feeling bad about something he thought was very wrong. “It was really hard on him,” his mother said. “He didn’t want to go against his troops, but he said he could not stand the cruelty he had discovered. He said he kept thinking, ‘What if that was my mum, my brother or my wife?’” Darby slipped an anonymous（匿名信） note under a military investigator’s door in January, about the mistreatment of prisoners. He later turned in a CD-ROM with1,000 photos documenting the cruelty, according to a recently disclosed internal Army report. “I told him, ‘Your picture is in the paper,’” Blank said. “I said, ‘Honey, you did a good thing and good always triumphs over evil.’ And he said, ‘You’ re right, mum.’”

Darby grew up in western Pennsylvania, US. To help his family, he worked at a fast food restaurant as a teenager and as a mechanic after graduating from high school. He thought the Army might lead to a better life—even a college education. So, like many others, he ended up in Iraq.

56. How did Darby feel when he found the abuse of Iraqi prisoners?

A. Excited. B. Terrible. C. Pleased. D. Angry.

57. Blank_________.

A. worried about what Darby had done       B. was proud of her son

C. cared little about her son                       D. encouraged her son to tell the world the truth

58. Darby joined the arm to _________.

A. travel around the world for free B. support his family

C. improve his life D. occupy Iraq

59. The purpose of writing the passage is to__________

A. criticize the US troops for their wrong doings in Iraq

B. discuss whether Darby should disclose the abuse of Iraqi prisoners

C. tell the life about the abuse of Iraqi prisoners

D. show how Darby did in face of the abuse of Iraqi prisoners

 

B

Scientists have long doubted that one of most powerful objects in space is a black hole. Black holes create huge amounts of gravity. The gravity produced by a black hole is so strong it can even capture（捕获）light. Black holes pull everything into them. Recently NASA exerts released information and a photograph that shows a black hole slowly destroying a star. The power gravity of the black hole is tearing the star apart. Observations from two X-ray telescopes show evidence of this.

The telescopes are NASA Chandra and the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton X-ray. They were combined with earlier images from the German Roentgen Satellite. Scientists have been observing the black hole more than ten years.

Stefanie Komossa works at the Max Planck Institute for Extra terrestrial （宇宙的） Physics in German. She is the leader of an international team of researchers. Miss Komossa says stars can bend or be stretched a small amount. However, evidence shows this star has been stretched so far it is now breaking apart. She says her star moved too close to the black hole. Scientists say the black hole they are observing has a mass of about 100-million times that of the Sun. They believed the star that was destroyed was about the same size as the Sun. The black hole and the star are in a galaxy（银河系） about 700-millionlight years away from the Earth.

60. It can be learned from the first paragraph that the scientists seem to______in space.

A. describe one of the most powerful objects

B. worry about the huge amounts of gravity

C. open out the result of a new discovery

D. remind people of the secret of nature

61. The underline, word "evidence" in the passage probably means_______..

A. anything that gives reason for believing something

B. the act or an instance of discovering

C. information presented as objective reality

D. the act of informing or the condition of being informed

62 Which of the following is NOT right?

A. It was long time ago that the black holes began to be observed.

B. A star was pulled into the black hole because of the powerful gravity.

C. Only X-ray telescopes are used to observe the black hole in space.

D. Scientists didn’t believe that the black holes exist in space.

63 The gravity produced by a black hole is so strong that_______.

A. maybe all the objects in space will be destroyed

B. it can even capture light

C. none of objects in space can avoid being stretched

D. the galaxy will become a target attacked in space

 

C

The cicada（蝉） is a typical insect species which uses a combinatorial communication system. In their life cycle, communication is very important, for only through the exchange of sounds do cicadas know where to meet and when to mate. Three different calls are employed for this purpose. Because of their limited sound producing mechanisms, cicadas can make only ticks and buzzes. The only way they can distinguish between congregation and courtship calls is by varying the rate with which they make ticks and buzzes. The congregation call consists of 12 to 40 ticks, delivered rapidly, followed by a two-second buzz. It is given by males but attracts cicadas of both sexes. Once they are all together, the males use courtship calls. The preliminary call, a prolonged, slow ticking, is given when the male notices a female near him. The advanced call, a prolonged series of short buzzes at the same slow rate, is given when a female is almost within grasp. The preliminary call almost in variably occurs before the advanced call, although the latter is given without the preliminary call occurring first if a female is suddenly discovered very near by During typical courtship, though, the two calls together result in ticking followed by a buzzing the same pattern which comprises the congregation call but delivered at a slower rate. In this way, cicadas show efficient use of their minimal sound producing ability, organizing two sounds delivered at a high rate as one call and the same sounds delivered at a slow rate as two more calls.

64. The cicada congregation call___________.

A. attracts only males.          B. is given by both sexes.

C. is given only by males.     D. attracts only females.

65. During typical courtship, when a male first notices a female near him, he gives________.

A. the two courtship calls together.      B a series of slow ticks.

C. 12 to 40 rapid ticks.                       D. a two-second buzz.

66. How does the congregation call differ from the two courtship calls together?

A. It is delivered at a slower rate.               B. It is delivered at a faster rate.

C. The ticks precede the buzzes.         D. The buzzes precede the ticks.

67. According to this passage, why is communication so important for cicadas?

A. It helps them defend themselves against other insect species.

B. It warns them of approaching danger.

C. It separates the males from the females.

D. It is necessary for the continuation of the species.

 

D

His feet had touched the ground again, but South African Mike Melvill’s head was still high above the clouds.

Seeing the earth from the edge of space was “an amazing experience’’, said the 63-year-old pilot It was more than a personal experience. Melvill and his rocket plane Space Ship One made history last Monday when it became the first private manned flight to reach space.

The spacecraft was carried by a jet （喷气机） until it reached a height of 14 kilometers. Then it separated from the jet and continued its journey beyond the earth’s atmosphere. The craft reached space by traveling at three times the speed of sound.

On board, Mevill was able to see the earth. He also became weightless for about 3 minutes when the craft reached its highest altitude of 100 kilometers. He even opened a bag of colorful chocolate sweets to see if they would float around in the cockpit （驾驶员座舱）—they did.

The successful flight brought the design team, led by famous American designer Burt Rutan, closer to winning the USS10 million Ansari X Prize. The award will be given to the first privately funded （投资） spacecraft to send three people 100 kilometers above the earth. The spacecraft also

has to land safely and repeat the achievement within two weeks.

This is to prove that the craft is reliable （可靠的） and has the ability to carry paying customers. “The flight opens a new chapter in history, putting space within the reach of ordinary citizens,” said Patti Smith, head of commercial space transportation at the US Federal Aviation Administration（联邦航空局）.

It’s hoped that this flight is the first step toward space tourism .Members of the public could pay US$20,000-100,000 for the chance to fly high above the earth’s atmosphere, float in zero gravity and take in the sights of space.

Rutan thinks that affordable space flights will be possible within the next 10 to 15 years. And that’s just the beginning. “We are heading in to orbit sooner than you think,” he said.

“We do not intend to stay in low-earth orbit for ages. The next 25 years will be a wild ride ... one that history will note was done for the benefit of everyone.”

68. The story is about___________.

A. a successful flight into pace                                

B. the beginning of affordable space flights

C. competition for commercial space transportation

D. the first private rocket plane

69. According to Burt Rutan, what is likely to happen?

A. He’ll win the Ansari X Prize.

B. A space flight will cost much less than 100,000.

C. In a few decades, private space craft will travel high in space.

D. The Space Ship One will make another flight within two weeks.

70. The fact that chocolate sweets could float proves ＿＿＿＿

A. the spacecraft was flying faster than sound           B. Mevill was in space

C. Mevill was high above the earth                           D. there was a strong wind

71. The title of this passage is _________.

A. Walk in space

B. The first private manned spaceship reached space successfully

C. The first spaceship

D. A manned spaceship reached space successfully

 

E

We sometimes think humans are the only species which can bear anxiety，but stress seems to affect the immune（免疫）system of lower animals too. In one experiment，for example，behavioral scientist Mark Lauden，at the University of Denver，gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half of the animals could turn off the electricity by turning a wheel in their cage，while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Lauden found that the immune reaction was below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has proved is that lack of control over an event，riot the experience itself，is what weakens the immune system.

Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss，a scientist at Duke University School of Medicine，has shown that animals who life allowed to control unpleasant stimuli（刺激）don’t develop sleep disorder or changes in brain chemistry of stressed rats. But if the animals are faced with situations they have no control over，they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control .Such findings make researchers believe that the experience or feeling of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in stress.

One of the most surprising examples of how the mind can change the immune reaction was discovered by chance. In 1995 Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine experimented on mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by feeding them at the same time with the sweetener and a drug that while harming their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Connecting the saccharin with stomach pains，the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to get rid of this dislike for the sweetener，Ader fed the animals with saccharin again，this time without the drug，and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amount of sweetener the first time died. He believed that saccharin alone weakened their immune systems enough to kill them.

72. Lauden’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity______________.

A. was strengthened            B. was not affected

C. was changed                   D. was weakened

73. According to the passage，the experience of helplessness causes rats to__________.

A. try to control unpleasant stimuli B. turn off the electricity

C. behave passively in controllable situations D. become harmful

74. The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that__________.

A. they disliked its taste         B. it affected their immune systems

C. it led to stomach pains     D. they connected it with stomach pains

75. According to the passage，the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Adel’s experiment was that______________.

A. they had been weakened by the saccharin

B. the sweetener was poisonous to them

C. the immune systems had been changed by the mind

D. they had taken too much sweetener during the first experiment

 

第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节

第二节：书面表达（满分25分）

假如你叫李华，你和笔友Jane互寄了全家的合影。Jane看了合影后来信问为什么你没有兄弟姐妹。请用英语写封100字左右的信说明情况。内容包括以下要点：

注意：

1. 可适当增加细节使行文连贯；

2. 字数100左右；

3. 开头已给出，不计入总字数；

4. 参考词汇：计划生育family program 独生子女the only child

Dear Jane,

Thank you for your letter and the photo of your family. Now I am writing to tell you why I am the only child in my family.

【试题答案】

第一部分：听力略

第二部分：

21—25 DCBAB      26—30 ADCCD            31—35 BCCAB      36—40 BDBCA

41—45 BADAC     46—50 ACBDC             51—55 DDACB    

第三部分：

56—60 BBCDC

61—65 ADBCB      66—70 BDACB      71—75 BBCDC

第四部分：

Dear Jane,

Thank you for your letter and the photo of your family. Now I am writing to tell you why I am the only child in my family.

As you know, the population of China is growing very fast. In order to control the rapid increase of population, in the 1980s the government of China began to put into practice the family program -- one child for each couple. As a result, most families have only one child.

Most people are in favor of the program because the child in the family can get more love from the family and chances are better for the child to get better education. The only child is selfish, and not so independent, though. Sometimes they feel lonely. I think, every the only child like me should learn to make more friends.

Hope that we write more often.

Best wishes.

                        Yours,

Li Hua