【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

Unit 6：Fun Cycling

Topic 3：Bicycles are popular with people.

 

二. 重点、难点：

单词：

passenger  旅客                  crazy  疯狂          anywhere  任何地方           avoid  避免pollution  污染               spit  吐痰           impossible  不可能的          death  死

sharp  急转弯                    slow  放慢速度    opposite 相反的                  helmet 头盔

light-colored  浅色的          fine  罚款            crossing  十字路口             warn  警告

Britain  英国                left-hand  左手的         trouble  问题                  courage 勇气

top  最高的，顶部      cyclist  骑自行车的人 achievement 成绩  success  成功

pain  疼，痛苦            challenge挑战              head-on  面对面地，毫无疑问地

comeback  重出，重返       lead  带领     record  记录，唱片     beat  打败（某人）certain  确定的         super 顶好的                  final  最终的               result  结果

Asia  亚洲                   altitude  海拔               stage  阶段                 athlete  运动员

championship  锦标赛         champion  冠军，优胜者

词组：

slow down    减速                      International Cycling Union  国际自行车联合会

the Alps    阿尔卑斯山脉                 the Massif Central 马塞夫中心

the Pyrenees Mountains   比利牛斯山脉

after a while  get used to (doing) sth.   be afraid of doing sth.   obey the traffic rules

be popular with        a sharp turn     break the traffic rules    get a fine

be in danger           be famous for   go on doing sth.       the way to success.

take part in

句型：

1. Meters away , there was a sharp turn to the left.

  2. He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.

  3. If we ride at night, we should use bike lights or wear light-clothes.

  4. It warns us to be more careful.

  5. Many people around the world use bicycles for work or pleasure.

  6. Cars often cost one hundred times as much as bicycles.

  7. In China, millions of people have cars, but hundreds of millions of people have bicycles.

  8. By 1996 he was one of the top cyclists in the world.

  9. Later that year, a serious pain in his lower body made him stop riding.

  10. Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on .

  11. He trained hard and led the American team to win the Tour de France in 1999.

  12. Lance Armstrong rode into history by winning the Tour de France for a record sixth time in 2004.

  13. It seems impossible to beat him.

  14. Maybe there will be a dark horse.

  15. It has the highest altitude of any race hosted by the International Cycling Union.

  16. Today the race covers 2,000 miles, and there are 21 timed stages over three weeks .

  17. The winner is the person with the best total time.

  18. He can do that without winning even one of the stages.

  19. I think the traffic in Beijing is crazy.

  20. When I first arrived , I was afraid of riding my bike anywhere.

  21. If people obey the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents.

  22. Now I like to ride my bike around the city more than before.

  23. It’s easy to park bikes, too.

  24. Bicycles are popular with people .

  25. They can also bring us sadness and death.

  26. If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.

  27. If I ride to school every day, I will keep fit.

  28. American Lance Armstrong is famous for his achievements and courage in cycling.

  29. However, his way to success didn’t go well.

语法：

条件状语从句和动词不定式

 

三、具体内容：

在英语句子中，状语(adverbial)的位置要比定语的位置复杂。可以说状语在现代英语中要算是最复杂的成分。一般说来，英语句子中，状语在动词之后，汉语句中，状语前置的多，后置的少。下面分别加以说明：

  1. 英语中的副词修饰形容词(代词、数词、连词)介词短语及另一副词时，通常位于所修饰的词之前。译成汉语时，一般词序不变，或在动词后，加“得”这个词。

    China is especially rich in natural resources.

    中国的自然资源特别丰富。

    I can’t speak so fluently as she does.

    我说得没有她这么流利。

    The machine moves amazingly fast.

    机器运行的速度快得惊人。

    How gracefully they are dancing!

    他们舞跳得多美!

    注：“enough”常放在它形容的词后面。如：

    The room is large enough to sit all of us.

    这房间够大，我们全部坐得下。

    He didn’t work hard enough then.

那时，他工作不够努力。

    这和汉语词序相反。

  2. 英语句子中副词（尤其是表示程度及方式者）修饰动词时，其位置可在动词之前或之后；修饰不及物动词时，常在其后。译成汉语时，一般在动词之前，但有时也可译在动词之后，尤其是副词的比较级或最高级作状语时。这时多在动词之后加“得”，“很”等词。

    He quietly left the room after he took the letter.

    他拿了信之后就静静地走出去了。

    They gladly accepted the invitation.

    他们愉快地接受了邀请。

    The visitors were warmly received by the hosts.

    客人受到主人的热情接待。

    Everything went smoothly. 一切进行得很顺利。    

    You shouldn’t stay up too late. 你不应睡得太晚。

    The productive methods are now being used most widely in the aircraft industry.

    这种生产方法目前在航空工业中使用得最广泛。

    注：如果把第一、二句中的副词放在句子后面，它们着重点有所不同。把副词放在动词前，只是对动作顺便加之描绘而已。放在后面，副词占的地位就重要一些，说话的人对动作方式的描绘更着重一些。

    He left the room quietly. That’s why no one noticed it.

    他静悄悄地走出屋去，因此没有人注意。

    They accepted the invitation gladly.

他们很愉快地接受了邀请。

3. 表示频度及不确定时间概念的副词，如：often，always，never，already，seldom， quite，almost，fully，hardly，rarely，usually，constantly, occasionally， sometimes等作状语，通常在行为动词之前。如有系动词be，情态助动词，则在这些词之后(其他副词有时也是这样)。汉译时，通常译在主要动词之前：

    The sun always rises in the east. 太阳总会从东方升起。

    We occasionally saw him walking along the river bank.

    我们偶尔看到他在河边散步。

    We’ve just sent a challenge to the other groups.

我们刚向别的组发出了挑战。

He seldom comes late for class.

    他上课很少迟到。

    She usually gets ill. 她经常病。

    注：有时为了强调，还可以把这种状语放在助动词(auxiliary verb)、情态动词(modal verb)或动词前面。如：

    They may succeed. You never can tell. 他们可能成功，这是说不准的。

    I really must be going now. 我的确该走了。

    He never was a good speaker. 他从来就不是会讲话的人。

  4. 有些副词形容整个句子时，通常都放在句子开头。这些词

    actually，fortunately，unfortunately，surely，evidently，accordingly, of course, first, at first，secondly，perhaps，probably，certainly，originally等，翻译成汉语时，词序基本不变。但根据上下文，也可以加以改变。

Certainly we should try our best to help them.

    当然，我们应当尽力帮助他们。

    Evidently John is to blame for it.    

    显然，这事得怪约翰。

    Usually we don’t go out in such weather.    

    通常遇到这种天气我们是不出去的。

    注：有少数副词在句子中的位置比较灵活，常放在与之关系最密切的词前。试比较下列only和even在两组句子中的位置和各个句子的意义：

    Only she studies French. We all study English.

    只有她学习法语，我们大家都学习英语。

    We talked only for ten minutes.

    我们只谈了十分钟。

    Even John cannot lift this big stone.

    即使是约翰也举不起这块大石头。

    John cannot even move this stone，still less can he carry it away.

    这块石头，约翰连挪都挪不动，更不用说搬走了。

    He can carry even a heavy load of 150 jin, let alone such a light one.

    他甚至能挑150斤重的担子，这样的轻担子更是不在话下。

    She can walk even on a light wire in the air.

    她甚至能在空中的钢丝上走路。

5. 英语中用分词短语，不定式短语及such as+不定式所表示的结果状语，用so…as+不定式所表示的结果或程度状语，通常在所修饰的词之后。译成汉语时，都可加“就”、“得”、“便”、“以”、“能”、“使”、“因而”、“ 为了”、“因此”等词。但有时也可不加任何词，直接译出。视上下文具体情况而定。

    He worked so hard that he caught up with others very soon.

    他工作很努力，所以很快就赶上别人了。

    I was so tired that I went to bed at once.

    我疲倦得很，就立刻上床休息去了。

    This book is easy enough for me to read.

    这本书很容易，我完全可以读懂。   

  6. 英语中如果有几个状语出现，一般是较短的在较长的之前，方式状语在地点状语之前，地点状语在时间状语之前。翻译时，要按照英汉语习惯调整如下：   

    英语：主+谓+宾+方式状语+地点状语+时间状语

    汉语：主+时间状语+地点状语+方式状语+谓语

    We study English hardly in the classroom every day.

    我们天天在教室里认真学习英语。

    She reads aloud in the open every morning.

    她每天早晨在室外高声朗读。

    They discussed the plan animatedly in the classroom yesterday afternoon.         

    他们昨天下午在教室里热烈地讨论这计划。     

  7. 如果句中有两个或两个以上的时间或地点状语，通常是较小在前，较大在后. 译成汉语时，较大在前，较小在后，词序恰恰相反。

    注：英语中某年某月某日表示法：“月份+日期+年代”或“日期+月份+年代”，翻译时词序应作变动。     

    March 22(nd)，1984  读如  March(the)twenty-second 1984

     22(nd)March 1984    读如  twenty-second of March 1984

    一九八四年三月二十二日

    汉语有时为了强调状语的意义，也可以把状语放在后面。不过这种句子结构不常见。如：她走来了，摇摇摆摆地。

    我一定会提出这个问题来，在最恰当的时刻。

动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。

    常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。

 

【典型例题】

条件状语从句的连接词主要有 if， unless， as/so long as， on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not. 例如：

Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步。

    If you are not too tied， let’s go out for a walk.

   You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

    A. unless  B. until  C. if  D. or

答案A.句意：除非你立即走，否则你就会迟到的。可转化为 If you don’t leave immediately， you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.

条件状语从句

    要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。

  1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

    如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足。

  2. You will get good grades if you study hard.

    如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩。

  3. I will not go to the party unless he goes there too.

    我不会去参加聚会的，除非他也去。(如果他不去，我也不去。)

  4. You will be late unless you leave immediately.

    如果你不马上走，你将会迟到的。(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)

    难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

  l. He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.

    一般将来时，          一般现在时

  2. They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.

  一般将来时，            一般现在时

 

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）

1. This is ________ that we all think it’s very important.

    A. such useful information                  B. so useful an information

    C. so useful information                      D. such a useful information

  2. —________ it is to play basketball after a whole day of work!

—Yeah, I quite agree with you.

    A. What a fun               B. How a fun                C. What fun           D. How fun

  3. What ________  today!

    A. a fine weather it is                   B. fine weathers they are

    C. fine weather it is                            D. fine weather they are

 4. Mr. Smith gave us ________ on how to learn English well.

A. an advice                               B. some advice

C. some advices                          D. many advices

  5. —Are you going to call at _______ now?

    —No, ________ are having supper at this moment.

    A. Whites; the Whites                  B. White’s ; the Whites

C. the Whites; Whites                  D. the White’s; Whites

  6. It’s a long ________ from here to Harbin. It’s more than two thousand kilometers.

    A. road                  B. end                   C. way                  D. street

7. Look at your ________. You have some grey ________ now.

    A. hair; hairs                 B. hairs; hairs                C. hair; hair           D. hairs; hair

  8. I know it’s good to have _________ in the morning, but I never do morning ________.

    A. exercise; exercise                    B. exercises; exercise

    C. exercises; exercises               D. exercise; exercises

  9. —Will you please pass me some ________ ?

    —OK, but there is only a little now.

    A. orange              B. apples               C. pears                D. tomatoes

  10. Here are some birthday cards with our best ________ for you.

    A. hope                B. hopes               C. wish                D. wishes

  11. The third day of the week is ________.

    A. Tuesday            B. Monday            C. Wednesday       D. Thursday

  12. Which of the following seasons is the best one for planting trees.

    A. spring               B. summer             C. autumn             D. winter

  13. Those ________ students like football while these ________ teachers like volleyball.

A. boy; woman                           B. boys; women

C. boy; women                          D. boys; woman

  14. Jack wasn’t in when I went to his home. So I left a ________.

    A. news                B. sentence          C. message           D. excuse

  15. The ________ we can’t work out now is that we have too many ________ to ask now.

    A. problem; questions                  B. question; problems

    C. problem; problems                  D. question; questions

  16. —What was the ________ yesterday?

—It was October 1.

    A. time                 B. day                  C. date                 D. month

  17. His father worked for ________ after twelve o’clock.

    A. another three hour’s                B. more three hours

    C. three another hours                 D. three more hours

   18. The naughty boy is always making a lot of ________ in class.

    A. voice                B. noise                C. sound               D. shout

   19. Will you please make some ________ for me to take a seat? I have stood too long.

    A. room                B. rooms              C. place                D. seats

  20. Shanghai is my second ________ , because I have lived here for quite a few years.

    A. family              B. house               C. home                      D. station

  21.What’s your ________ for being late this time. Why are you always so late?

    A. idea                  B. excuse              C. mind                D. thinking

  22. —My pencil-case is different from ________.

    —But ________ is the same as mine.

    A. Tom; yours       B. Tom ; your              C. Tom’s ; your            D. Tom’s ; yours

23. That’s ________ bedroom. The twins like it very much.

A. Mary and Ann                        B. Mary and Ann’s

C. Mary’s and Ann                     D. Mary’s and Ann’s

  24. My sister Sally always wears beautiful _____.

    A. clothes          B. cloth             C. clothing         D. dressing

  25. Bird Flu is a new kind of ________ in the world today.

    A. cough              B. medicine           C. disease             D. cancer

  26. —Do you know where Mr. Smith is?

    — Yes, he is in ________.

    A. Room five               B. the five room    C. Five Room        D. Room Five

  27. — What does MTV stand for?

    — It stands for ________ TV.

    A. Model              B. Music               C. Middle              D. Milk

  28. Before we order some dishes in a restaurant, one of the waiters usually offers us a ________.

    A. list                  B. menu                C. form               D. bill

  29. If you want to know more about Dell laptop, you may search the ________.

    A. computer          B. radio                C. Internet            D. TV

  30. The sign “This Way Out ” is often seen in a _________.

    A. room                B. classroom         C. hotel                D. family

  31. ________ comes from pigs and ________ comes from cows.

    A. Pork; milk               B. Meat; wool       C. Chicken; wool   D. Milk; pork

  32. —It is always goes up and never goes down. What is it?

—It must be _________.

    A. air                    B. temperature       C. age                  D. water

  33. Chinese people usually put their _______ before their second names.

A. given names                          B. family names

C. full names                                    D. large names

  34. — Which ________ do you like best?

    — I like biology best.

    A. sports              B. subject             C. game                D. book

  35. I have many ________ in my pocket.

    A. ten dollars         B. ten dollar’s        C. ten-dollars               D. ten-dollar

  36. Everybody knows that football is a popular ________ around the world.

    A. ball                  B. play                  C. game                D. sport

  37. At today’s meeting we had ________ about how to protect our environment.

    A. word                B. words              C. a discussion             D. a notice

  38. The other day we bought a TV ________.

    A. machine           B. set                   C. piece                       D. pair

  39. Some ________ came to our factory for a visit last Sunday.

    A. German            B. Germen            C. Germany                 D. Germans

  40. —Excuse me, can you tell me where the ________ is?

    —This way, please.

    A. men’s room      B. mens’ room      C. men’s rooms            D. mens’ rooms

   41. Jack White is ________.

    A. a friend of my father’s friend’s                      B. a friend of my fathers 

    C. a friend of my father                                           D. a friend of my father’s

  42. Tom can play the piano very well. Can you ask him to play us a ________.

    A. program           B. piece                C. show                             D. music

  43. Let’s share the apple. I shall cut it ________.

    A. in half              B. into piece          C. on half                    D. in pieces

  44. Nowadays most of the middle school students want to go to college for further________.

    A. life                   B. science             C. information              D. education

  45. We shall have ________ in ourselves, that is to say we should believe ourselves.

    A. knowledge        B. progress           C. confidence               D. success

  46. The TV ________ on Channel III is about music.

    A. performances    B. experiences      C. programs                 D. problems

  47. Look! Your trousers are broken. Please go and buy another _________.

    A. trousers            B. one                  C. pair                         D. ones

  48. I want to buy that coat for my son but I don’t know if it is his ________.

   A. model                B. coat                 C. size                         D. clothes

  49. See what you have done!  Don’t you have ________ of right or wrong?

    A. sense                      B. feeling              C. thought                   D. knowledge

  50. Last Sunday his family went to _____.

    A. the child’s Park                       B. the Children’s park

    C. the Children’s Park              D. the Childrens’ park

【试题答案】

1—5  ACCBB                 6—10  CADAD                  11—15  DACCA

16—20  CDBAC             21—25  BDBAC                 26—30  DBBCC

31—35  ACBBD              36—40  CCBDA                 41—45  DBADC

46—50  CCCAC