【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Module 14. Western Festivals
二. 教学重难点：
1、灵活准确地掌握本模块“重点词汇及句型”
2、能够谈论中西方重要节日的风俗习惯及区别
3、能够读懂中西方重要节日的文章
三. 语法：动词不定式在句子中的语法作用
由于动词不定式或动词不定式短语具有名词、动词、形容词的特征，所以它在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语等句子成分。
1、动词不定式做主语，表示句子说的是什么（指具体动作）。
例：To answer the
teacher’s questions is very difficult.
To do my homework often takes me about two
hours every day.
由于动词不定式或动词不定式短语做主语放在句首太长，有头重脚轻之嫌，所以常常用人称代词it来代替它作主语，称为形式主语，而真正的主语（动词不定式或动词不定式短语）被放在句尾。
例：It often takes me
about two hours to do my homework every day.
It is good for us to do morning
exercises every day.
于是就出现了初中两个重要句型“it
takes sb. time to do sth. ” “it is+形容词+（for
/of sb.）to do sth.”例：It takes me half an hour to
come to school.
2、动词不定式作表语用于“主系表”结构中
例：To see is to
believe. 眼见为实。
3、动词不定式作宾语。
有些动词或动词词组常用不定式作宾语，常见的有agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, want, wish, would like等。
例：She asked to go
there herself.
I agreed to go there with her.
4、动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语补充说明宾语怎么样，用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有以下两种情况，一种是用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词，另一种是用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词。
（1）常见的能用带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词或动词短语有tell, want,
ask, teach, like, allow, would like…, expect, invite, love, prefer, wait for等。动词不定式作宾语补足语的否定形式是在不定式符号to的前面加否定副词not。
（2）有些动词要求用不带to的动词不定式作其宾语补足语。这些动词主要是一些表示感官的动词和使役动词，在初中阶段这类动词主要有以下几个：
一感：fell
二听：hear, listen to
三让：let, make, have
四看：see, watch,
notice, observe
半帮助：help
5、动词不定式作定语。
动词不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词后面，作后置定语。
例：Can you tell me
the way to go to the nearest post office?
Do you have anything to say for
yourself?
6、动词不定式作各种状语
（1）动词不定式作目的状语，常用的结构是“in order to do sth.”。例：We use knives to cut things.
（2）动词不定式作结果状语，常用于“too+形容词或副词+to do sth.”和“形容词或副词+enough +to do sth.”结构中，分别表示“太……而不能做……”和“足够……来做……了”。
例：My mother is too tired to cook for us.
Your question
is difficult enough to answer.
7、“疑问词+不定式”结构在句子中可以做主语、表语、宾语等。
例：When to start became a big problem.
Can you tell
me how to go to the post office?
四. 词的短语
（一）本模块是围绕“庆祝春节和新年”这个话题展开的，是前一个模块“节日”话题的延伸，现将有关此话题的短语和句子总结如下：
1. during the Spring Festival 在春节期间
2. get together团聚在一起。
3. have special meals吃大餐
4. on the Spring Festival’s Eve在除夕
5. on New Year’s Eve在新年前夜
6. have fireworks 放爆竹
7. have firecrackers放烟花
8. dragon and lion dances舞龙舞狮子
9. count down the time倒计时
10. cheer and clap to welcome 欢呼和鼓掌来欢迎
11. happy New Year新年快乐
12. say “Merry Christmas” to each other对彼此说圣诞快乐
13. get/receive red packets收到红包
14. carry lanterns提灯笼
15. How do they celebrate the Spring Festival? 如何庆祝春节？
（二）1. look forward to doing/sth期盼于做……
2. at midnight在半夜
3. keep the Nian monster away把年这个怪兽赶走
4. be frightened of… 害怕……
5. run away逃跑
6. paint their doors red 把他们的门漆成红色
7. cut down the bamboo plants把竹子砍下
8. make fires生火
9. make loud noises发出很大的噪音
10. chase Nian away把年赶跑
11. run back into the mountains跑回山中
12. in many different ways以许多不同的方式
13. the queen of England英国女王
14. give a talk作报告、演讲
15. clean their houses打扫他们的房子
16. in the old days在过去
17. the first person to do做某事的第一个人
18. have dark hair长着黑色的头发
19. for example比如、例如
20. travel from far away to be together从很远的地方聚在一起
21. most visitors绝大多数的游客
22. red packets with money inside 在里面有钱的红包
五、重点句式的讲解与分析
1、I’m looking forward to the Spring Festival holiday.
Look forward to doing期盼于做……
<扩展>to是prep.我们学过的还有：be used to doing习惯于做……
make a contribution to doing sth.为……做出贡献
prefer doing to doing与……相比更喜欢做……
pay attention to doing
“固定短语+Ving.”的还有：feel like doing 想要做某事
give up doing放弃做某事
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
be busy doing 忙于做某事
go on doing继续做……
be good at doing擅长做某事
do well in doing在某方面做得好
thank sb. for doing感谢某人做某事
be interested in对做某事感兴趣
instead of doing sth. 代替/而不做某事
be afraid of doing sth. =be frightened of doing sth害怕做某事
2、Then, one winter, they discovered that Nian didn’t like three
things.一年冬天，他们发现年不喜欢三样东西。
<扩展>discover, find, find out, look for的区别。这四个词都有“发现”的意思。
区别：（1）look for表示找的动作。如：I’m looking for my
ruler.我正在找我的格尺。
（2）find强调寻找的结果，“找到”如：Did you find your
ruler?你找到你的格尺了吗？
（3）find out指通过调查等一系列努力后而发现事实的真相，“找出，查明白，弄清楚”如：Let’s find out who broke the window.让我们查出来谁打碎了窗户。
（4）discover指发现的对象是本来就存在，但不为人知的事物，也指发现新的或奇特的事物或情况，“发现，探索到”。
如： Scientists
discovered the new desert.科学家们发现了这个新沙漠。
3、Christmas is celebrated around the world in many different ways.圣诞节以不同的方式在世界各地被庆祝。
in many different ways 以不同的方式
<扩展>有关way的短语：
（1）on one’s way to在去某地的途中。如：I met a strange girl
on my way to school.
（2）by the way顺便问一下
By the way, how did you know it?顺便问一下，你怎么知道这件事的？
（3）in the way挡住某人的路
A big dog was in the way.
4、Christmas is a time for everyone to be with their families.圣诞节对每个人来说都是和家人团聚的时刻。
It’s a time for sb to do 对某人来说是做……的时刻
<扩展>it’s+ n. for sb +to do这一结构
it’s a duty for sb+ to do对某人来说做某事是一个责任
5、In the old days, the first person to visit their friends’ houses
must be a man.在过去，第一个来访他们朋友家的第一个人必须是个男人。
The first person to visit their friends’ houses.动词不定式做后置定语
<扩展>(1)People like to eat a special sweet rice cake to celebrate the
New Year.
Like to eat a special sweet rice cake.动词不定式做宾语。
To celebrate the new year.为了庆祝新年，动语不定式表示目的做目的状语。
(2)He often helps me to study English.动词不定式做宾语补足语。
【典型例题】
1、As usual, he is the first man _______to school, he came so early
________the class.
A、coming, to clean B、to come , to
clean C、to come ,cleaning
分析：此题考查的是动词不定式的用法，第一个空，是动词不定式做定语，“第一个来学校的人”第二个空表示目的“为了打扫教室”故选B。
2、He was ________frightened ______this dog ______move.
A、so ,about ,to B、too, about, to C、too, of ,
to D、so ,of ,that
分析：此题考查了两个考点，第一个是短语“be
frightened of sth”害怕某物。第二个考点是“too…to…”与“so…that”的区别与句式。“too…to do”太……以致于不。“so…that+”如此以致于……，故选C。
3、Here ________ a red packet_ _____some money in it.
A、is ,with B、are ,with C、is ,have
分析：此题考查了两个考点，第一个是here引导的倒装句，真正的主语是a red packet, 故谓语动词is，第二个是with表有，故选A。
【模拟试题】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I’m looking forward to _________( hear)from you.
2. You have ___________(firework) on the first day of
the Spring Festival.
3. They are __________(real) beautiful.
4. Everyone ________(shout) “Happy New Year”.
5. Nian’ ate _________(human) and animals.
6. There was an enormous____________（怪兽）.
7. They __________（发现）that Nian didn’t like three things: _____ noise, the color red and
fire.
8. The _________(good) meal is the dinner _________ the
Spring Festival’s Eve.
二、用介词填空
9. We count ________ the time until the midnight
10. We say “ Happy New Year”. ______ each other, but we
don’t count down the time ____ midnight
11. The people are frightened _____ Nian.
12. When Nian was near their villages, they ran_______.
13. Christmas
is celebrated around the world____ many different ways
14. Nian
run back _____the mountains.
15. Christmas is a time ____everyone to be with their
families.
16. I met a strange girl ____my way to school.
三、补全对话
A: Mary, 17________________________________________?
B: It’s January 31st .
A: Oh, our Chinese New Year is coming soon. We call it
the Spring Festival.
B: 18________________________________________________?
A: We buy a lot of food and new clothes. Mum and Dad buy
presents for us and grandparents. We
19_____________________ the night before New Year’s Day.
B: How special?
A: We eat dumplings and the dinner. We make dumplings by
ourselves, but more and more people begin to20_________in the food stores.
While having dinner , we21_________________.
四、阅读
|
parent , tell, call, celebrate, together,
why, start, after, shop, newspaper
|
Most people buy lots of presents just before
Christmas. But some people think they buy too much. They have started a special
day22 _________ Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go 23_____ on that
day. But Nothing Day is on November 29. It is24 ______ Thanksgiving. Often,
before Christmas we see many ads in25___________ and on TV 26_________ us to “
buy, buy, buy!” The idea for Buy Nothing Day 27_______ in Vancouver, Canada first. Now people all over the world 28__________ Buy Nothing Day. In California, the USA, 29________ and children get 30_____ to read stories, sing songs, and draw pictures.
The children talk about 31_______ they don’t need a lot of toys.
B
Maybe there are many differences between going to school
in Britain and going to school in your country. In Britain school starts
between 8:30 and 9:00 and finishes at about 4 o’clock in the afternoon . It is a long day but there are no lessons on Saturdays . Children usually have
lunch at school; school meals are not very expensive and are quite good. But
some children don’t like them and take sandwiches or go home.
In Britain school holidays are different from
those in other countries. They are shorter at Christmas and Easter but much
longer in the summer. The school year starts in the first week in September and
ends in the third or fourth week of July.
Children start primary school when they are five
years old; they stay there until they are eleven .Then they usually go to a
secondary school. Children can’t leave school before they are sixteen .At
this age most students take public exams. Students who continue their studies
go into the sixth form. If their school doesn’t have a sixth form, they change
schools or go to a college. Students need two years in the sixth form, and then
take more public exams . In some parts of Britain, students go to middle
schools at the age of eight and then go to secondary schools when they are
twelve or thirteen.
32. What time does school finish in the afternoon on
weekdays in Britain?
33. Some children don’t like school meals. What do they
do?
34. How many months does the school year last in Britain?
【试题答案】
1. hearing 2. firework 3.
really 4. shouts
5. humans 6. monster 7.
discovered 8. best, on
9. down 10. to 11.
of 12. away 13. in
14. into 15. for 16.
on 17. What’s the date today?
18. What do you do during the Spring Festival?
19. have a special dinner
20. buy them 21. watch TV.
22. called 23. shopping
24. after
25. newspapers 26.
telling 27. started 28.
celebrated
29. parents 30.
together 31. why
32. 4/Four o’clock 33. Take
sandwiches or go home
34. About 11 months/ more than 10 months/ 10 or 11 months