【同步教育信息】

一. 本周教学内容：

    Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?

 

一. 语法重点：反意疑问句

 

二. 语言目标：

  1. 闲聊在英语中的定义和操练。

  2. 学会写感谢信。

 

三. 重点单词：

  1. umbrella         n. 雨伞，伞         

  2. noon                     n. 中午

  3. sandy             adj. 沙的                    

  4. goodbye         int. 再见

  5. look through         浏览

  6. bookstore              n. 书店

  7. cross             v. 穿过；横过

  8. elevator          n. 电梯

  9. low                adj. 低的

  10. slow            adj. 慢的、缓慢的

  11. cost             v. 价值（若干）；花

  12. note             n. 短信，笔记

  13. get along      相处

  14. baby            n. 婴儿，小孩

  15. at least         至少

  16. holiday         n. 假日、节日

  17. be careful     小心，当心

  18. traffic          n. 交通

  19. review          n. 复习，回顾

  20. somewhere   adv. 某处，在某处

 

四. 重点短语

  1. small talk        闲聊

  2. talk to / with…      与…交谈

  3. by noon                到中午

  4. opening question    开场白、起始句

  5. Have a good day! 祝你今天愉快

  6. look through         浏览，仔细检查

  7. wait in line             排队等候

  8. cross the street             过马路，过街

  9. Thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事

  10. be friendly to …         对…友好

  11. feel like                      想要、欲

  12. come along                 出现、陪伴

  13. get along                    融洽相处

  14. at this time                  在这个时候

  15. at least                       至少、最少

  16. be careful                   小心，谨慎

 

五. 重点句子：

  1. －It’s a nice day, isn’t it?

    －Yes, it is.

  2. －You’re Ben’s sister, aren’t you?

    －Yes, I am.

  3. －It looks like to rain, doesn’t it?

    －Yes, it does.

  4. －This is great weather, isn’t it?

    －It sure is.

  5. Have a good day!

  6. How much did that shirt cost?

  7. How big is your apartment?

  8. What do you think of the school?

  9. Thank you so much for inviting me.

 

六. 语法重点：

    反意疑问句

    反意疑问句是初中阶段英语教学的重点和难点，而这部分内容在教材中又比较分散，有必要把分散的知识集中起来串讲，分块复习，各个击破以提高综合运用能力与应试能力。

    ▲反意疑问句要点简述

    反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句＋简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句＋简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。

    例如：

    （1）It looks like rain, doesn’t it? 似乎要下雨了，不是吗？

    （2）He doesn’t need to work so late, does he?

    他不必工作到那么晚，不是吗？

    ▲学习反意疑问句，特别要注意：

    （1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren’t I.

    I’m as tall as your sister, aren’t I?

    我和你妹妹一样高，不是吗？

    （2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may＋主语。

    I wish to have a word with you, may I?

    我希望和你谈谈，可以吗？

    （3）陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。

    The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

    那个瑞典人没回答，是吗？

    Some plants never blossom （开花），do they?

    一些植物从不开花，是吗？

    （4）陈述部分有have to +v. （had to +v.），疑问部分常用don’t ＋主语（didn’t ＋主语）。

    We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?

    我们明天8点得到那儿，是吗？

    （5）陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

    He must be a doctor, isn’t he?

    他可能是一名医生，是吗？

    You must have studied English for three years, haven’t you? / didn’t you?

    你一定学3年英语了，是吗？

    He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?

    他很可能昨天就完成工作了，是吗？

    （6）陈述部分由neither …nor, either…or连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

    Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?

    你和我都不是工程师，是吗？

    （7）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything，that，nothing，this，疑问部分主语用it。

    Everything is ready, isn’t it?

    每样东西都准备好了，是吗？

    （8）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

    a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

    Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn’t he?

    史密斯先生去过中国几次了，他现在应该已在中国，不是吗？

    b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如：

    1）He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

    他不是给我们演讲的那个人，是吗？

    2）He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn’t he?

    他说他想要去日本参观，是吗？

    c. 上述部分主句谓语是think，believe，expect，suppose等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：

    1）I don’t think he is bright, is he?

    我认为他不聪明，是吗？

    2）We believe she can do it better, can’t she?

    我们相信她能干得更好，是吗？

    （9）陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如：

    1）Everyone knows the answer, don’t they? （doesn’t he? ）

    每个人都知道这个答案，是吗？

    2）Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he? ）

    没人知道这件事，是吗？

    （10）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you.

    1）Don’t do that again, will you?

    别再那么干了，好吗？

    2）Go with me, will you / won’t you?

    跟我一起去，好吗？

     【注意】Let’s开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

    Let us开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如：

    1）Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?

    咱们去听音乐，好吗？

    2）Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?

    让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？

    （11）陈述部分是“there be”结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如：

    1）There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?

    你的手表坏了，是吗？

    2）There will not be any trouble, will there?

    不会有任何麻烦，是吗？

    （12）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如：

    1）It is impossible, isn’t it?

    这不可能，不是吗？

    2）He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

    他对他的同学不刻薄，是吗？

    （13）must在表“推测”时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如：

    （1）He must be there now, isn’t he?

    他可能在那儿是吗？

    （2）It must be going to rain tomorrow, won’t it?

    明天可能要下雨，是吗？

  2. 介词at, in, on表示时间的不同用法小结。

    （1）at

    （A）用于表示在时间的某一点或某一时刻

    at this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候。

    at eight o’clock in the morning.

    在上午八点钟。

    （B）用于表示在三餐或中午、晚上。

    What did your mother say at breakfast / lunch / supper time?

    早/午/晚饭时你妈妈说什么了？

    We heard a girl singing in the next room at noon / night.

    中午/夜里我们听到一个女孩唱歌。

    （C）用于表示节气、年龄

    Children often receive presents at Spring Festival.

    Jim began to play the piano at the age of seven.

    （2）in

    （A）用于表示在一段时间内，此时in用于将来时，意为“…之后”。

    Mother will be back in a few days.

    妈妈几天后回来。

    （B）用于表示在非特指的早晨，上/下午，夜晚。

    in the morning; in the evening.

    （C）用于表示月份，季节，年，世纪等。

    I was born in May, 1982.

    我1982年5月出生。

    The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.

    奥运会于2008年在北京举行。

    （3）on

    （A）用于表示在具体某一天或某一特定日子的上午，下午或晚上。

    On January 18, 1956,           On Saturday afternoon.

    （B）用于表示节日

    On Christmas Day.               On Children’s Day.

 

七. 重点知识点：

  1. cross, across的用法

    cross是动词，意思是“越过”、“穿过”，之后应接宾语，相当于go across。

    eg: He crossed the street and reached the shop.

    他穿过街道，到了这家商店。

    across是介词，意思是“越过”、“穿过”

    eg: They built a bridge across the river.

    他们在河上架起了一座桥。

    He swam across the river.

    他游过了这条河。

  2. －I hope the movie is good.

    －我希望电影会好看。

    －So do I.

    －我也是。

    －I’m going to be late to school.

    －我将迟到了。

    －So am I.

    －我也是。

    “so”作替代时表示与上文提到的情况一样。

    －Jim bought a nice car.

    －So did Tom.

    －They can swim well.

    －So can we.

    在这种情况下，结构为

                                              

  3. Sometimes it isn’t easy being a new kid at school, but I had a wonderful time on Saturday night.

    有时，学校里的一个新生并不容易，但是我在星期六晚上过得愉快。

    （A）it isn’t easy being a new kid at school 的结构，it是形式主语，being a new kid at school是这个句子真正的主语，也可以把它改成：it isn’t easy to be a new kid at school.

    （B）have a wonderful time意为：过得很愉快；这个短语也可以说成：have a good / great time。但have a hard time 意为：过得很艰难；时间过得很难。

    例如：We had a great time at my uncle’s last Sunday.

    我们上个星期天在我叔叔家里过得很难。

    Have you a good time at his birthday party?

    在他的生日晚会上你们高兴吗？

  4. Thank you so much for inviting me.

    非常感谢你邀请我。

    thank for “因…而感谢”for为介词，可以是thank for sb. / sth / doing sth.

    eg: Thanks for showing me the school last week.

    谢谢你上周带我参观校园。

    Thanks for the tickets for next week’s game.

    多谢你下周比赛的票。

  5. I feel like part of the group.

    感觉像是他们中的一员了。

    （A）feel like 表示“觉得像…似的”，这时，feel作系动词，like是介词。

    eg: I felt like a fool at that time.

    那时我觉得自己像个傻瓜似的。

    （B）feel like 与would like意思相同，都表示愿望，表示“希望”，但would like后面接名词或不定式短语；feel like 后接名词或动名词。

    eg: I don’t feel like going out for a drive now.

    I’d like to go for a walk in the garden.

  6. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place.

    有像你这样的朋友，使我在新地方很快就适应了。

    （A）like在此是介词“像”的意思。

    eg: Don’t throw out like that.

    不要像那样扔出来。

    （B）make it a lot easier. 使它（与人相处）容易了许多。

    make＋名词/代词＋adj. 表示“使…怎么样”。

    eg: He likes to make us happy.

    Our teacher makes maths very easy.

    此外，make还有“使、强迫”的意思，make sb. do sth.

    eg: Don’t make him play computer for a long time.

    He is funny and he always makes us laugh.

  7. I’ll think of you as I watch the Black Socks win the game.

    当我看见“黑石”队赢得这场比赛时，我会想起你。

    （A）as在这里作连词，引起时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生或某事一发生、另一件事立即发生，有“当…时”，“一面…一面…”的意思。

    eg: I read the letter as I walked along the river.

    Just as he was speaking, Bob came into the room.

 

八. 文化阅读：

Small talk闲聊

    与美国等国的西方人闲聊时应该注意：

    一般而言，他们以不拘礼节、自由自在著称。和陌生人打打招呼，不见得便是想和你做朋友；一场愉快的交谈，不见得会变成知心莫逆，只有主动接触，以愉快的心情应对。只在正式场合行握手礼，一般场合见面时相视一笑，说声“嗨！”或“哈罗！”即为见面礼节。

    交谈时忌问年龄、家庭状况、婚姻状况、宗教信仰、经济收入以及其他私生活情况。见面打招呼也不问去什么地方、干什么事。公共场合重视礼貌用语，家庭里也常用“请”、“谢谢”、“对不起”等。交谈距离必须保持50厘米以上。不得不靠拢他人就座时，要征得对方同意。交谈时声音不可太大，不可大笑，更不可大声争吵。惊讶时不可伸舌头（伸舌头是污辱他人之举）。美国交谈、示意喜欢用手势。

    在交谈时要注意：常面带微笑，碰到认识的朋友时，主动的问候对方，别人问候你，也要反问候对方，表示关心。说话时语气诚恳、态度大方，当别人问候你时，回答尽量简洁。多赞美对方。眼睛要亮一点，当对方改变发型时或看人家的相片，有好的地方要尽量赞美。

 

【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）

一. 词组互译：

  1. 有一点_______                  2. 玩得高兴_______

  3. 排队等候_______               4. 进行体育活动_______

  5. 想到_______                      6. tell sb about sth _______

  7. watch the game on TV_______    8. feel like _______

  9. be friendly to sb_______                     10. thanks for _______

  11. get along_______                      12. wait for_______

 

二. 完成下列反意疑问句。

  1. It’s very warm today, _______ _________?

  2. Lucy and Lily aren’t English, _______ _________?

  3. Jim comes from England, _______ _________?

  4. She can dance, _______ _________?

  5. He had some dumplings for breakfast, _______ _________?

  6. There is nothing in the box, _______ _________?

  7. They are going to the park, _______ _________?

  8. Xiao Ming and Xiao Dong are watching TV, _______ _________?

  9. She never gets up late, _______ _________?

  10. Spring is the best season of the year, _______ _________?

  11. They clean the classroom every day, _______ _________?

  12. Wei Hua wasn’t busy yesterday, _______ _________?

  13. My parents know little English, _______ _________?

  14. You like summer, _______ _________?

  15. There will be more buildings, _______ _________?

 

三. 选择填空：

（    ）1. You have never lost money before, ______?

    A. don’t you          B. haven’t you              C. do you              D. have you

（    ）2. The black bag looks _______. How much does it _____?

    A. well, spend        B. good, cost         C. well, take          D. good, pay

（    ）3. There is little milk left in the bottle, ______?

    A. is it            B. is there              C. isn’t there          D. isn’t it

（    ）4. What a pity! He didn’t ________ the Yellow River.

    A. cross         B. past           C. across        D. through

（    ）5. －I’m sorry, Mr Wu I _______ my composition at home.

    －Don’t forget ________ it here tomorrow, please.

    A. left, take            B. forgot, to take

    C. left, to bring      D. forgot, bringing

（    ）6. The reporter of CCTV 4 said _______ 15 persons died in the fight in Kuwait.

    A. at least              B. at less        C. a few         D. all

（    ）7. Good heavens, I nearly ________! It’s time _________ home!

    A. forgot, to go                    B. remember, to go

    C. forgot, going                   D. left, going

 

四. 从对话下面方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话（每个句子限用一次）。

    Fred:   1 

    Li Lei: Yes, it is winter in China now.

    Fred: Yes, I don’t like the cold weather but I like the snow.

    Li Lei: Really?   2 

    Fred: No, never. This is my first time to see it.

    Li Lei: By the way,   3 

    Fred: Oh, it’s rather different from here. It’s summer there now, you know.   4 

    Li Lei: That’s great.

    Fred: Yes. You may come to Australia someday.

    Li Lei: Sure.   5 

 

五. 完形填空：

    Once, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well（井）. After they   1   their work, he left them, saying, “When the sun is down, I will come and see your work. ”

    At last one of them said, “What’s the use of doing this foolish（愚蠢的）work? We can   2   fill the basket. ”  3   man answered, “That’s none of your business. ”The first man said, “You may do as you like, but I am going to work at   4   so foolish. ”He   5   his bucket （桶）and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying   6  . At last the well was almost   7  .

    As he poured （倒）the last bucket of water into the   8  , he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it up. It was a beautiful gold ring. Just then the king came.   9   he saw the ring, he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You   10   so well in this little thing, ”he said, “that now I know I can believe you with many things. ”

（    ）1. A. finished                B. did             C. began                D. had

（    ）2. A. ever                     B. never         C. easily                D. no

（    ）3. A. The other             B. Another      C. One                  D. A second

（    ）4. A. anything               B. something   C. nothing             D. everything

（    ）5. A. picked up             B. put away    C. took away         D. threw down

（    ）6. A. water                   B. basket        C. well                  D. work

（    ）7. A. full                       B. empty        C. clean                 D. dirty

（    ）8. A. basket                  B. well           C. garden                     D. bucket

（    ）9. A. While                   B. When         C. Before               D. Since

（    ）10. A. have done           B. will do        C. do                    D. are doing

 

六. 阅读理解：

（A）

    In England, many people begin with talks by saying: “Isn’t it a nice day? ”“Do you think it will rain? ”“I think it’s going to snow. ”

    Many people think they can tell what the weather is going to be like. But they hardly ever agree with each other. One man may say: “Do you see how cloudy it is in the east? It’s going to rain tomorrow. ”Another man will say: “Yes, it is cloudy in the east. We’re going to have fine weather tomorrow. ”

    People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he looks for something to tell him it’s going to rain and he won’t believe （相信）anything else. When friends have a picnic, they are so sure the weather is going to be fine very quickly that they sit eating their lunch while it is raining.

    Almost everyone listens to what the weatherman says. But he doesn’t always tell us what we want and sometimes he makes a mistake. Still, he is right most of the time.

判断正误：

（    ）1. In England, people like to talk about the weather.

（    ）2. People usually agree with each other on the weather.

（    ）3. People often look for the weather they want.

（    ）4. When friends are having a picnic while it is raining, they are sure that it is going to be fine very quickly.

（    ）5. The weatherman is always right.

（B）

    When we do not understand each other’s language, we can talk with the help of signs.

    A Frenchman was once travelling in England. He could not speak English at all. One day he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it and took them out again. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat. ”

    The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. He moved his head from side to side. The waiter understood him and took the tea away. In a moment he came with a cup of coffee, but the man again refused it. He shook his head whenever the waiter brought him something to drink, for drinks are not food.

    When the man was going away, another man came in. This man saw the waiter, and he put his hand on his stomach （胃）. That was enough. In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the table in front of him.

    So, you see sometimes we can understand the language of signs as well as the language of words.

（    ）1. According to the passage, when people don’t understand each other’s language, they can talk with the help of ______.

    A. a waiter

    B. a teacher

    C. an Englishman

    D. their hands, heads and other parts of their bodies

（    ）2. A Frenchman signed to the waiter _______.

    A. to give him some medicine

    B. to bring him a cup of coffee

    C. to ask him for food

    D. to tell him what he said.

（    ）3. The waiter brought the Frenchman _______.

    A. a cup of tea, a cup of coffee and a lot of other drinks

    B. a large plate of meat and vegetables

    C. a lot of drinks and a large plate of meat

    D. a lot of food and drinks

（    ）4. Another man saw the waiter and put his hands on his stomach. He means ______.

    A. he had a fever

    B. he was hungry

    C. he was very thirsty

    D. he had enough

（    ）5. From the story, we know _______.

    A. people can only understand the language of words

    B. people nearly know the language of signs as well as the language of words

    C. people can make a waiter understand what they want

    D. people can only understand their language

 

七. 写作

    一些英国朋友要来参加你们班举行的英语晚会。作为主持人，你需要用英语准备一份60－80个单词的欢迎辞。欢迎辞必须包括以下英文提示的内容（开头已给出）：

  1. the number of students （boys 32, girls 28）

  2. What do you think of English?

  3. How do you learn English in your free time? （magazines, TV, radio, etc）

  4. your English programs （plays, songs, etc）

  5. ending （结束语）

    Good evening! Ladies and gentlemen,

    Welcome to our class and welcome to our evening party.

    First of all, let me say a few words about our class.

【试题答案】

一. 1. a little   2. have a good time

  3. wait in line   4. play sports

  5. think of   6. 告诉某人有关某事

  7. 通过电视观看比赛  8. 想要

  9. 对某人友好  10. 因…而感谢          11. 相处        12. 等待

二. 1. isn’t it          2. are they             3. doesn’t he

  4. can’t she        5. didn’t he            6. is there

  7. aren’t they      8. aren’t they         9. does she

  10. isn’t it          11. don’t they        12. was she

  13. do they         14. don’t you         15. won’t there

三. 1. D         2. B        3. B        4. A        5. C        6. A        7. A

四. 1. C          2. E        3. D        4. A        5. B

五. 1. C          2. B        3. A        4. C        5. D

  6. A            7. B        8. A        9. B        10. D

六. （A）1. T              2. F        3. T        4. T        5. F

（B）1. D             2. C        3. A        4. B        5.B

七. 略

 

【励志故事】

疼痛是个好消息

扮演“超人”的克里斯多弗·里夫，在一九九五年的一次坠马中，伤势严重，导致颈部以下全部瘫痪。三年来，他凭着坚强的意志，与死神作着不懈的抗争。

经过一年的知觉训练，他脊椎末端的神经又恢复了知觉。他说，现在碰它一下，就有疼痛的感觉，但这疼痛的感觉很舒服，“请相信我说的全是真的。”

大多时候，疼痛是一种痛苦，但“超人”这回的痛，是生命的一道光亮。人有一种可贵的智慧，便是给每一种现象赋以意义。西班牙和美国心理学家在一九九二年巴塞罗那奥运会田径比赛场上，用摄像机拍摄了二十名银牌获得者和十五名铜牌获得者的情绪反应。心理学家们发现，在冲刺之后和在颁奖台上，“第三名”看上去比“第二名”更高兴。

研究人员分析认为：因为铜牌获得者通常不是期望值很高的人，获得铜牌已经很高兴了：而银牌得主往往是冲着金牌而来的，因此就会为没有夺得金牌而感到难过。确实，在领奖后采访获奖运动员时，许多亚军都伤心地说：差一点就成了冠军。而季军获得者也许会说：差一点就名落孙山。

你是否会成为情绪的主人，关键在于你站在什么位置上看问题。只要你能确立好自己的位置，就没有一件坏事能靠近你。